General Key

Key to Genera of Scrophulariaceae, subfamily Orobanchoideae

1.	Ovaries and fruits 5-ribbed, the outer surface muricate. Paras. on Hedyosmum Swartz (Chloranthac.). Mexico (Guerrero) Endemic. Eremitilla (Fig. 1)	Eremitilla Eremitilla
1*.	Ovaries and fruits terete or slightly flattened, not ribbed, the outer surface smooth.	2.
2.	Flowers (Fruits) solitary, rarely in twos terminal at aboveground pedicels. Bracts usually absent or very remote and seemingly absent	3.
2*.	Flowers (Fruits) numerous in racemes, cylindrical spikes or panicles or in subcapitate/ subcorymbose inflorescences; now and then because of underground stems and pedicels the flowers seemingly solitary step out of the ground.	6.
3.	Calyx spathelike, entire. Flowers solitary or few on pedicels from 2 up to 50 cm. SE-Asia. [7 species] Aeginetia (Fig. 2)	Aeginetia Aeginetia
3*.	Calyx cupular, campanulate or tubular, not spathelike.	4.
4.	Flowers solitary terminal at aboveground pedicels. Plant parasitic on the roots of Asteraceae (Centaurea, Pyrethrum, Achillea). SE-Europe, Asia minor, Near East and Caucasus. [3 species] Diphelypaea (Fig. 3)	Diphelypaea Diphelypaea
4*.	Flowers solitary to some few long pedunculate in inflorescences. North America or SE Asia.	5.
5.	Calyx gamosepalous, cupular, subequal 5-toothed, sometimes the 5th axial tooth reduced. Calyx teeth more or less long attenuate. North America. [3 species] Orobanche sect. Gymnocaulis (Fig. 4)	Orobanche sect. Gymnocaulis Orobanche sect. Gymnocaulis
5*.	Calyx tubular or tubular-campanulate, edge 5-lobed. SE-Asia. [3 species] Gleadovia (mupinense) (Fig. 15)	Gleadovia ruborum Gleadovia ruborum
6.	Inflorescences in racemes, cylindrical spikes or panicles, rarely subcapitate. Stem distinctly aboveground.	12.
6*.	Inflorescences usually subcorymbose or subcapitate. Stem usually underground.	7.
7.	Calyx gamosepalous. Bractlets existing.	8.
7*.	Calyx divided into 2 (rarely 3) separate linear sepals or sepals rarely absent. Bractlets absent.	9.
8.	Calyx gamosepalous up to the upper part, tubular, 4-5-lobed. E and SE Asia.	10.
8*.	Calyx shortly gamosepalous, cupular or campanulate, 4-5-toothed. Calyx teeth long acuminate. North and South America. [ca. 16 species] Orobanche sect. Myzorrhiza (Fig. 5)	Orobanche sect. Myzorrhiza Orobanche sect. Myzorrhiza
9.	Calyx divided into 2 lateral sepals, sepals ovate and bifid. Corolla ventricate, her edge bilabiate. Stamens distinctly exserted from corolla. Anthers obtusate. Host unknown. Japan (Island Bonin Shima). [1 species] Platypholis	No picture
9*.	Calyx divided into 2 to 4 skinny sepals, both lateral sepals elongate-lineal, both median sepals reduced. Sepals sometimes absent, soon deciduous. Corolla tubular, 22-30 mm; her edge bilabiate. Stamens included in corolla. Connective of the anthers attenuate. Host unknown. Japan. [1 species] Phacellanthus (Fig. 6)	Phacellanthus Phacellanthus
10.	Anthers with 1 fertil cell, another cell absent, reduced, or modified to a spur. SE Asia. [Ca. 23 species] Christisonia (Fig. 7)	Christisonia Christisonia
10*.	All anthers with 2 fertil cells.	11.
11.	Pedicel to 1 cm, parietal placentas 4. E- and SE-Asia. [2 species] Mannagettaea	No picture
11*.	Pedicel 1-9 cm; parietal placentas 2. SE-Asia. [3 species] Gleadovia (Fig. 15)	Gleadovia ruborum Gleadovia ruborum
12.	Calyx spathelike or gamosepalous.	13.
12*.	Calyx divided into 2 free sepals, only sometimes gamosepalous, often bifid. Temperate Europe and Asia. N- and S-Africa. Introduced in Australia and America. [ca. 113 species] Orobanche s. str. (excl. sect. Myzorrhiza and Gymnocaulis) (Fig. 8)	Orobanche Orobanche
13.	Calyx spathelike. Flores usque 2 cm longi, subsessiles, bibracteolati, in spica densiflora. America borealis – Mexico. [2 species] Conopholis (Fig. 9)	Conopholis Conopholis
13*.	Calyx gamosepalous.	14.
14.	Flowers all with tubular-campanulate, funnelform or bilabiate corollas, chasmogamous.	15.
14*.	Flowers in large part with calyptriform corollas, cleistogamous, sometimes a distal few tubular and chasmogamous. Parasitic on genus Fagus. Atlantical North America. [1 species] Epifagus (Fig. 10)	Epifagus Epifagus
15.	Calyx cupular.	16.
15*.	Calyx more or less campanulate.	17.
16.	Stamens exserted from corolla. Calyx cupular, irregularly and obtusely 2-5-lobed or toothed. Lobes or teeth soon deciduous. North America. Asia. [Ca. 4 species] Boschniakia (Fig. 11)	Boschniakia Boschniakia
16*.	Stamens included in corolla. Calyx truncate, skinny, more or less indistinctly 2(4)-toothed or teeth reduced. Turkey and Caucasus. [1 species] Orobanche sect. Gamosepalae (incl. Necranthus) (Fig. 16)	Orobanche gamosepala Orobanche gamosepala
17.	Corolla tubular-campanulate to funnelform. Lobes subequal and (sometimes only in front) broadly ovate, to apex rounded. Mediterranean. North and Central Africa. Near East. Asia minor. Central and E-Asia. [Ca. 24 species] Cistanche (Fig. 12)	Cistanche Cistanche
17*.	Corolla more or less distinctly bilabiate. Lobes unequal, acuminate.	18.
18.	Placentas 2. Calyx campanulate, usually regularly 4-toothed. Bractlets absent. Europe. Asia. [5 species] Lathraea	Not treated here.
18*.	Placentas 4. Calyx cupular or rarely campanulate, 4-5-toothed. Bractlets present.	19.
19.	Flowers sessile, in spikes or ± long pedunculate, in racemes and in simple or branched spikes. Calyx profound 5-toothed. North and South America. [ca. 16 species] Orobanche sect. Myzorrhiza (Fig. 13)	Orobanche sect. Myzorrhiza Orobanche sect. Myzorrhiza
19*.	Flowers shortly pedunculate or sessile, in simple or branched spikes. Calyx with 4 lateral teeth and the 5th axial tooth often reduced. Europa, Africa, Asia. Introduced in America and Australia. [ca. 56 species] Phelipanche (Fig. 14)	Phelipanche Phelipanche